Anuma

Anuma
Artemisia annua Edit nilai pada Wikidata

Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Tumbuhan
Jenis buahBuah kurung Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Taksonomi
SuperkerajaanEukaryota
KerajaanPlantae
DivisiTracheophytes
OrdoAsterales
FamiliAsteraceae
TribusAnthemideae
GenusArtemisia
SpesiesArtemisia annua Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Linnaeus, 1753

Artemisia annua, juga dikenal sebagai anuma ( Hanzi: 黄花蒿; Pinyin: huánghuāhāo ), adalah jenis tanaman umum yang berasal dari Asia sedang, tetapi dinaturalisasi di banyak negara termasuk bagian yang tersebar di Amerika Utara .[1][2][3]

Keterangan

Artemisia annua milik keluarga tanaman Asteraceae dan merupakan tanaman hari pendek tahunan. Batangnya tegak kecoklatan atau coklat ungu. Tanaman itu sendiri tidak berbulu dan secara alami tumbuh dari 30 menjadi 100 cm, meskipun dalam budidaya dimungkinkan tanaman mencapai ketinggian 200 cm. Daun A. annua memiliki panjang 3–5 cm dan dibagi dengan potongan dalam menjadi dua atau tiga selebaran kecil. Aroma aromatik daun yang intensif adalah ciri khasnya.[4] Kandungan artemisinin dalam daun kering berkisar antara 0% dan 1,5%.[5] Hibrida baru Artemisia annua yang dikembangkan di Swiss dapat mencapai kandungan artemisinin daun hingga 2%.[6] Bunga kecil memiliki diameter 2–2,5 mm dan tersusun dalam malai lepas. Warnanya hijau-kekuningan. Bijinya berwarna coklat achenes dengan diameter hanya 0,6–0,8 mm. Berat seribu kernel (TKW) mereka rata-rata sekitar 0,03 g (sebagai perbandingan, gandum memiliki TKW sekitar 45 G).[4][7]

Obat tradisional

Dalam pengobatan tradisional Cina (TCM), A. annua diseduh dengan air panas untuk mengobati demam .[8][9] Karena duplikasi dalam sumber-sumber TCM kuno, A. annua lebih sering disebut sebagai qinghao ( Hanzi: 青蒿; Pinyin: qīnghāo ), nama China modern untuk Artemisia carvifolia, berlawanan dengan nama China saat ini huanghuahao .[10]

Referensi

  1. ^ Flora of China Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 523 Sweet Annie, sweet sagewort, armoise annuelle Artemisia annua Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 847. 1753.
  2. ^ Flora of China Vol. 20–21 Page 691 黄花蒿 huang hua hao Artemisia annua Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 847. 1753
  3. ^ Flora of Pakistan
  4. ^ a b "Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood)". Royal Botanic Gardens. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 6, 2015. Diakses tanggal November 25, 2015. 
  5. ^ WHO monograph on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for Artemisia annua L (PDF). World Health Organization. 2006. 
  6. ^ Simonnet, X.; Quennoz, M.; Carlen, C. (2006). "New Artemisia annua hybrids with high artemisinin content". XXVII International Horticultural Congress-IHC2006: International Symposium on Asian Plants with Unique Horticultural 769: 371–373. 
  7. ^ Forestry, Government of Alberta, Alberta Agriculture and (1993-09-01). "Using 1,000 Kernel Weight for Calculating Seeding Rates and Harvest Losses". www1.agric.gov.ab.ca. Diakses tanggal 2015-11-15. 
  8. ^ "Sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.)". Drugs.com. 23 March 2020. Diakses tanggal 20 December 2020. 
  9. ^ "Hard to swallow". Nature. 448 (7150): 105–6. 2007. Bibcode:2007Natur.448S.105.. doi:10.1038/448106a. PMID 17625521. 
  10. ^ Liu, Artemisia (2015-10-09). "【2015诺贝尔奖】青蒿素、青蒿、黄花蒿，究竟什么关系？" [2015 Nobel: Artemisinin, qinghao, and huanghuahao, how are they related?] (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). guokr. Diakses tanggal 19 January 2017. 

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