Amfiteater

Amfiteater atau ampiteater adalah sebuah gelanggang terbuka yang digunakan untuk pertunjukan hiburan dan pertunjukan seni. Istilah amfiteater berasal dari bahasa Yunani kuno, ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron),^[1] dari kata ἀμφί (amphi), yang berarti "di kedua sisi" atau "di sekitar",^[2] dan θέατρον (théātron), yang berarti "tempat untuk menonton".^[3]^[4]

Amfiteater Yunani kuno dibangun membentuk setengah lingkaran, dengan tempat duduk berjenjang di sekitar area pertunjukan. Sedangkan amfiteater Romawi kuno berbentuk oval atau lingkaran dengan tempat duduk yang dibuat di sekelilingnya, serupa dengan stadion olahraga modern. Amfiteater modern bentuknya beraneka ragam; amfiteater yang lokasi tempat duduk penontonnya hanya di satu sisi, amfiteater melingkar atau amfiteater yang menyerupai stadion.

Amfiteater Romawi

Amfiteater Romawi merupakan tempat publik, berbentuk lingkaran atau oval, dan digunakan untuk berbagai acara seperti pertempuran gladiator, perlombaan kereta kuda, Venatio (Pembantaian hewan) dan eksekusi. Sekitar 230 Amfiteater Romawi telah ditemukan diseluruh area Kerajaan Romawi. Bentuk, fungsi dan nama mereka, membedakan mereka dengan dari teater Romawi, yang biasanya berbentuk setengah lingkaran; dari Hippodrome yang biasanya merupakan sirkuit yang lebih panjang didesain untuk perlombaan pacuan kuda atau pacuan kereta kuda; dan dari Stadia yang lebih kecil, yang didesain untuk olahraga (Atletik).^[5]

Amfiteater Romawi yang paling awal beraal dari pertengahan abad pertama sebelum Masehi, tetapi kebanyakan amfiteater dibuat pada masa Kekaisaran Romawi, dari masa Augustan (27 SM-14M) dan seterusnya.^[6] Amfiteater kekaisaran yang terbesar, dibuat untuk menampung 40.000 hingga 60.000 penonton, dan yang paling rinci termasuk diantaranya memiliki beberapa tingkat, fasad yang beratap dan didekorasi dengan marmer, plester dan patung-patung.^[7] Setelah berhentinya pertarungan gladiator pada abad ke-5 Masehi dan pembantaian hewan pada abad ke-6, kebanyakan amfiteater menjadi tidak terawat dna bahan bangunan mereka dibongkar dan didaur-ulang. Beberapa diratakan dan yang lainnya diubah menjadi benteng pertahanan. Beberapa tetap menjadi tempat pertemuan terbuka; di beberapa kasus, lokasi amfiteater menjadi lokasi gereja.^[8]

Galeri

Catatan kaki

^ ἀμφιθέατρον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, on Peseus
^ ἀμφί, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ θέατρον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ Hoad, T.F. (1996). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford University Press. hlm. 14, 489. ISBN 0-19-283098-8.
^ Bomgardner, 37.
^ Bomgardner, 59.
^ Bomgardner, 62.
^ Bomgardner, 201–223.

Referensi

Bomgardner, David Lee (October 2000). The Story of the Roman Amphitheatre. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16593-8.

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Amphitheatre.

Amfiteater Caerleon
Amfiteater Chester
Amfiteater Pula Diarsipkan 2006-06-17 di Wayback Machine.

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