Aleksandra Fyodorovna (Charlotte dari Prusia)

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang istri Kaisar Nikolai I. Untuk Permaisuri Rusia yang dibunuh bersama keluarganya pada Revolusi Bolshevik, lihat Aleksandra Fyodorovna (istri Nikolai II).
Aleksandra Fyodorovna
Алекса́ндра Фёдоровна
Lukisan Aleksandra oleh George Dawe, 1826.
Permaisuri Kaisar Rusia
Periode1 Desember 1825 – 2 Maret 1855
Penobatan3 September 1826
KelahiranFriederike Luise Charlotte Wilhelmine
(1798-07-13)13 Juli 1798
Berlin, Prusia
Kematian1 November 1860(1860-11-01) (umur 62)
Istana Aleksandr, Tsarskoye Selo, Rusia
Pemakaman
Katedral Pyotr dan Pavel, Sankt-Peterburg, Rusia
Pasangan
​
​
(m. 1817; meninggal 1855)​
Keturunan
Nama lengkap
bahasa Jerman: Friederike Luise Charlotte Wilhelmine
bahasa Rusia: Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova
WangsaHohenzollern
AyahFriedrich Wilhelm III, Raja Prusia
IbuLuise dari Mecklenburg-Strelitz
AgamaGereja Ortodoks Rusia
sebelumnya Calvinisme

Aleksandra Fyodorovna (bahasa Rusia: Алекса́ндра Фёдоровна, 13 Juli 1798 – 1 November 1860), adalah Permaisuri Kaisar Rusia sebagai istri dari Nikolai I, Kaisar Rusia yang memerintah pada tanggal 1 Desember 1825 – 2 Maret 1855.

Awal kehidupan

Aleksandra lahir dengan nama Friederike Luise Charlotte Wilhelmine di Istana Charlottenburg, Berlin.[1] Ayahandanya adalah Friedrich Wilhelm III, Raja Prusia yang memerintah pada tahun 1797 sampai 1840. Ibundanya adalah Permaisuri Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie. Dia dikenal sebagai Charlotte, nama yang umum digunakan di keluarga kerajaan Prusia[1] dan dipanggil Lottchen oleh keluarganya.[2] Dia lahir di masa-masa Perang Napoleon dalam keadaan keuangan yang sulit.[3] Untuk menguatkan hubungan antara Rusia dan Prusia, Charlotte ditunangkan dengan Pangeran Nikolai pada tahun 1814.[4] Mereka menikah pada tanggal 13 Juli 1817 (K.J.: 1 Juli) di Gereja Agung Istana Musim Dingin.[5] Seiring perpindahannya ke agama Ortodoks Rusia, Charlotte menerima nama baru, Aleksandra Fyodorovna. Bersama suaminya, Aleksandra memiliki banyak anak, tujuh di antaranya hidup hingga usia dewasa.

Permaisuri Kaisar Rusia

Setelah mangkatnya Kaisar Aleksandr I pada bulan Desember 1825, Nikolai naik takhta menjadi Kaisar Rusia dan Aleksandra menjadi Permaisuri Rusia. Meski begitu, Aleksandra tidak begitu tertarik dengan urusan pemerintahan, kecuali rasa cinta pribadinya kepada Prusia yang merupakan tanah kelahirannya. Dia adalah pendukung yang setia akan pandangan-pandangan suaminya.[6] Kepribadiannya benar-benar terbayang-bayangi oleh Nikolai yang memiliki karakter yang sangat kuat. Sebagai permaisuri, dia tidak aktif dalam kegiatan amal. Perhatian utamanya adalah masalah keluarga, tarian, pesta, dan perhiasan.[6] Setelah kesehatannya sangat menurun setelah tahun 1841, Aleksandra kerap pergi berobat ke luar negeri karena keadaannya yang rapuh. Dikarenakan dia menjadi semakin sakit-sakitan, Nikolai mulai menjalin hubungan dengan wanita lain, tetapi Aleksandra masih dapat tetap mempertahankan cinta suaminya. Meski keadaannya yang demikian, Aleksandra hidup lebih lama dari suaminya dan meninggal lima tahun setelah mangkatnya Kaisar Nikolai I.

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b Barkovets & Vernovava, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, p. 8
  2. ^ Barkovets & Vernovava, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, p. 12
  3. ^ Barkovets & Vernovava, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, p. 15
  4. ^ Soroka & Ruud, Becoming a Romanov , p. 32
  5. ^ Montefiore, The Romanovs , p. 328
  6. ^ a b Grunwald, Tsar Nicholas I, p. 137

Daftar pustaka

  • Barkovets, Olga and Vernova, Nina. Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna, Peterhof Stage Museum Preserve, Abris Art Publishers, 2008. ISBN 978-5-88810-089-9.
  • Cowles, Virginia. The Romanovs. Harper & Ross, 1971. ISBN 978-0-06-010908-0
  • Grunwald, Constantin de. Tsar Nicholas I the Life of An Absolute Monarch, Alcuin Press, ASIN B000I824DU.
  • Lincoln, W. Bruce. The Romanovs: Autocrats of All the Russias, Anchor, ISBN 0-385-27908-6.
  • Lincoln, W. Bruce. Nicholas I, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias , Northern Illinois University Press, ISBN 0-87580-548-5.
  • Montefiore, Simon Sebag. The Romanovs: 1613-1918. Deckle Edge, 2016. ISBN 978-0-307-26652-1
  • Soroka, Marina and Ruud, Charles A. Becoming a Romanov: Grand Duchess Elena of Russia and her World (1807-1873). Routledge, 2016. ISBN 978-1472457011
  • Zeepvat, Charlotte. Romanov Autumn: stories from the last century of Imperial Russia. Sutton Publishing, 2000. ISBN 9780750923378
Aleksandra Fyodorovna
Lahir: 12 Juli 1798 Meninggal: 1 November 1860
Rusia
Didahului oleh:
Louise Maria Auguste 		Permaisuri Kaisar Rusia
1 Desember 1825 – 2 Maret 1855 		Diteruskan oleh:
Wilhelmine Auguste Sophie Marie

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