Agensi

Agensi adalah kapasitas dan kemampuan yang dimiliki agen sebagai sumber dan asal tindakannya.[1] Agensi juga bisa dilihat sebagai unsur milik agen yang berkapasitas untuk mewujudkan tindakan secara aktual.[2] Konsep agesi tidak hanya sebagai penjelasan bagaimana suatu tindakan mungkin dilakukan oleh manusia tapi juga berfungsi menjelaskan dinamika hubungan antara individu atau agen dengan struktur sosial.[1][2] Khususnya mengenai hubungan individu dan struktur sosial, konsep agensi umumnya digunakan untuk menjelaskan kemampuan kesadaran individu menyelenggarakan kesadarannya sendiri, serta menjelaskan kapasitas individu untuk bertindak secara mandiri dan bebas dari determinasi struktur.[1]

Sebagai topik sosiologi, konsep agensi menggambarkan salah satu permasalahan utama dalam teori sosial yaitu otonomi tindakan individu.[3] Di satu sisi, terdapat pandangan fungsional strukturalis yang cenderung mengecilkan peran kebebasan individu dan menempatkannya hanya sebagai petugas yang menjalankan aturan struktur secara pasif.[3] Di sisi lain, terdapat pandangan etnometodologis yang melihat struktur sosial sebagai suatu masalah yang dapat dipecahkan dan dibentuk individu, dan oleh itu, tidak memiliki determinasi atas individu.[3] Terdapat banyak upaya dari kalangan sosiolog untuk mendamaikan tegangan pendekatan tersebut, tetapi kompromi yang berimbang sulit didapatkan dan banyak sosiolog akhirnya mengutamakan satu pendekatan daripada yang lain.[1]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d Rapport, Nigel; Overing, Joanna (2000). Social and Cultural Anthropology: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. hlm. 1-2. ISBN 0-203-75937-0. 
  2. ^ a b Scott, John (2006). Sociology: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. hlm. 3. ISBN 978-0-203-48832-4. 
  3. ^ a b c Edgar, Andrew; Sedgwick, Peter (2008). Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. hlm. 7-8. ISBN 978-0-203-93394-7. 


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