Agama di Tibet

Agama di Tibet, Tiongkok (perkiraan pada tahun 2012)^[1]

Bon (12.5%)

Kepercayaan tradisional Tionghoa dan lainnya (8.58%)

Islam^[2] (0.4%)

Agama utama di Tibet adalah Buddha sejak penyebarannya pada abad ke-8 Masehi. Pada tahun 2022, wilayah bersejarah Tibet (wilayah yang dihuni oleh etnis Tibet) sebagian besar terdiri dari Daerah Otonomi Tibet (TAR) di Tiongkok dan sebagian di provinsi Qinghai dan Sichuan di Tiongkok. Sebelum masuknya agama Buddha, agama utama di antara orang Tibet adalah agama perdukunan^[3] dan animisme asli,^[4] Bon, yang kemudian mempengaruhi pembentukan agama Buddha Tibet dan masih menarik kesetiaan sejumlah kecil orang Tibet.

Menurut perkiraan dari Laporan Kebebasan Beragama Internasional tahun 2012, sebagian besar warga Tibet (yang mencakup 91% populasi Daerah Otonomi Tibet) menganut agama Buddha Tibet, sementara minoritas berjumlah 400.000 orang (12,5% dari total populasi TAR) menganut agama asli Bon. Kelompok lain di Tibet mempraktikkan agama rakyat yang memiliki gambaran yang sama tentang Konfusius (bahasa Tibet: Kongtse Trulgyi Gyalpo) dengan agama tradisional Tiongkok, meskipun dalam sudut pandang yang berbeda.^[5]^[6] Statistik tersebut tidak mencakup proporsi penduduk Tibet yang ateis yang disponsori pemerintah.^[7] Menurut beberapa laporan, pemerintah Tiongkok telah mempromosikan agama Bon, menghubungkannya dengan Konfusianisme.^[8]^[9]

Referensi

^ International Religious Freedom Report 2012 by the US government. p. 20: «Most ethnic Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism, although a sizeable minority practices Bon, an indigenous religion, and very small minorities practice Islam, Catholicism, or Protestantism. Some scholars estimate that there are as many as 400,000 Bon followers across the Tibetan Plateau. Scholars also estimate that there are up to 5,000 ethnic Tibetan Muslims and 700 ethnic Tibetan Catholics in the TAR.»
^ Min Junqing. The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China. JISMOR, 8. 2010 Islam by province, page 29. Data from: Yang Zongde, Study on Current Muslim Population in China, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.
^ Ermakov, Dmitry (2008). Bø and Bön: Ancient Shamanic Traditions of Siberia and Tibet in Their Relation to the Teachings of a Central Asian Buddha. Jyatha, Thamel, Kathmandu: Vajra Publications. ISBN 9789937506113. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2022.
^ Smith, Warren W. (31 July 2019). "Foundations of the Tibetan State". Tibetan Nation: A History Of Tibetan Nationalism And Sino-tibetan Relations. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781000612288. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2022. Jol Bon [pre-Bon] was animistic in beliefs and shamanistic in its ritual aspects.
^ Te-Ming TSENG, Shen-Yu LIN. The Image of Confucius in Tibetan Culture Diarsipkan 2016-03-04 di Wayback Machine.. 臺灣東亞文明研究學刊第4卷第2期(總第8期) 2007年12月頁169–207.
^ Shenyu Lin. "The Tibetan Image of Confucius" Diarsipkan 2017-09-13 di Wayback Machine.. Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines.
^ "China announces 'civilizing' atheism drive in Tibet". BBC. 12 January 1999. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2022. The Chinese Communist Party has launched a three-year drive to promote atheism in the Buddhist region of Tibet, saying it is the key to economic progress and a weapon against separatism as typified by the exiled Tibetan leader, the Dalai Lama.
^ China-Tibet Online: Confucius ruled as a "divine king" in Tibet^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. 2014-11-04
^ "Confucius ruled as a "divine king" in Tibet_Tibetan Buddhism_TIBET". 手机中国西藏网. 2015-12-03. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-10.

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