Adu penalti, atau lebih tepat disebut adu tendangan penalti, merupakan cara dipakai untuk menentukan pemenang dalam sebuah pertandingan sepak bola yang harus diakhiri dengan kemenangan/kekalahan (tidak bisa seri). Adu penalti dilakukan setelah pertandingan berlangsung 90 menit dan dilanjutkan dengan 2 kali 15 menit perpanjangan waktu namun keadaan masih seri. Biasanya cara ini dipergunakan pada sistem gugur. Walaupun pelaksanaannya mirip, adu penalti dilakukan mengikuti peraturan yang berbeda dari tendangan penalti. Hasil dari adu penalti tidak dimasukkan dalam perhitungan skor (jadi keadaan tetap seri), ia hanya digunakan untuk menentukan pemenang.
Konon adu penalti pertama kali diusulkan oleh seorang wasit dari Penzberg, Bavaria, Jerman yang bernama Karl Wald pada tahun 1970. Pada saat itu, jika keadaan seri setelah perpanjangan waktu pemenang ditentukan dengan undian menggunakan koin. Karena menganggap cara ini sangat untung-untungan, ia mengusulkan adu penalti kepada ketua persatuan sepak bola Bavaria. Usul ini pertama kali ditolak namun setelah dilobi oleh tim pengusul, baru usulan ini diterima. Setelah diteruskan ke Persatuan Sepak Bola Jerman (DFB) dan diterima, segera kemudian aturan ini diterapkan pula di UEFA dan Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Klaim lain mengatakan bahwa adu penalti diusulkan pertama kali di Inggris.
Adu penalti pertama kali dilakukan di Inggris pada tahun 1970 antara Hull City dan Manchester United dalam Watney Cup (piala liga di Inggris) dan dimenangi Manchester United.
Penentuan kejuaraan internasional besar yang pertama kali ditentukan dengan adu penalti adalah pada Final Kejuaraan Eropa UEFA 1976, yaitu antara Cekoslowakia melawan Jerman Barat. Cekoslowakia menang dengan 5-3.
Empat final Piala Dunia FIFA tercatat harus diselesaikan dengan adu penalti: Final Piala Dunia FIFA 1994 di Stadion "Rose Bowl" Pasadena, California, AS antara Brasil dan Italia (dimenangi oleh Brasil dengan 3-2); final Piala Dunia Wanita FIFA 1999 di stadion yang sama antara tim Amerika Serikat dan China (AS menang dengan 5-4); Final Piala Dunia FIFA 2006 di Stadion Olimpiade Berlin, Jerman, yang dimenangi oleh Italia dengan menundukkan Prancis 5-3 setelah keadaan imbang 1-1 hingga perpanjangan waktu usai; dan final Piala Dunia Wanita FIFA 2011 antara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat di Commerzbank Arena, Jerman (Jepang menang 3-1) setelah keadaan imbang 2-2 hingga perpanjangan waktu.
Beberapa liga di dunia pernah menggunakan adu penalti untuk menghindari seri. Sekitar tahun 1980-an, Liga Hungaria, Yugoslavia, dan Norwegia, mencoba adu penalti bila hasil pertandingan seri, dengan format sama seperti format nilai J. League di bawah. Peraturan ini kemudian dihapus. Di Amerika Serikat, Major League Soccer juga pernah menggunakan adu penalti untuk menghindari hasil seri. Sementara di Asia, Jepang dengan J. League juga pernah menggunakan adu penalti bila pertandingan seri tidak dapat diselesaikan dengan perpanjangan waktu dengan format perolehan nilai 3 poin untuk kemenangan pada waktu normal, 2 poin kemenangan pada waktu tambahan, 1 poin untuk kemenangan dalam adu penalti, dan 0 poin untuk kekalahan.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mirror nuclei – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Nuclear physics Nucleus Nucleons p n Nuclear matter Nuclear force Nuclear structure Nuclear reaction Models of the nucleus Liquid drop …
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (أغسطس 2019) هذه قائمة بالأعلام المستخدمة في جمهورية الدومينيكان. لمزيد من المعلومات عن العلم الوطني، انظر مقالة علم جم
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Reborn novel – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Reborn First editionAuthorF. Paul WilsonCover artistStephen GervaisCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesThe Adversary CyclePublisherDark Har…
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Belson StadiumLocation8000 Utopia ParkwayQueens, New York City, NY 11439OwnerSt. John's UniversityOperatorSt. John's UniversityCapacity2,168SurfaceFieldTurfConstructionBroke groundFebruary 1, 2001OpenedSeptember 21, 2002[1]Construction cost$6 millionTenantsSt. John's Red Storm (NCAA) (2002–present)New York Pancyprian-Freedoms (USASA) (2005–present)F.C. New York (USL Pro/NPSL) (2011–2012)F.A. Euro (USL2) (2013–2018)New York Cosmos (NASL) (2015–2016) (USOC matches and Soccer Bowl…
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